The stratosphere is one of five layers of the earth's atmosphere. The heat that won't keep you warm. Tropopause [2] The troposphere and the stratosphere have fundamentally different characteristics (e. We use the interactive and specified chemistry version of NCAR's Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model coupled to an. ETH climate researcher Daniela Domeisen has documented how the stratosphere influences extreme weather events. The effects of additions of nitric oxide to the stratosphere under the influence of a number of human activities and the effect on stratospheric ozone have been a subject of considerable concern, stimulating intense research activities during the last decade on the chemistry and distribution of the oxides of nitrogen in the stratosphere. stratosphere is the "wave activity" in the extratropical middle and upper stratosphere. Temperature increases with ozone concentration. Stratosphère : hauteur, température, et couche d'ozone. As our business has grown, so has the needs. Since 1 meter is about 3 feet, 10 km is about 30,000 feet. Atmosphere - Weather, Air Pollution, Climate: The lowest portion of the atmosphere is the troposphere, a layer where temperature generally decreases with height. This study aims to investigate the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE) events and ozone changes over Irene (25. The stratosphere is not a good place to be. F (-57deg. 000157 * h) The upper stratosphere model is used for altitudes above 25,000 meters. Stratosphere has all the depth and information a DIY investor needs, yet institutional investors use it too. It is characterized by high temperature and large variability, in response to changes in solar ultraviolet radiation and solar-driven. 2). Its name comes from the fact that gases in these layers are excited by solar radiation to. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. Roble, in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (Second Edition), 2015 Synopsis. It is thickest near the surface and thins out with height until it eventually merges with space. The stratosphere is coupled to the troposphere via interactions between atmospheric waves and the large-scale circulation, which drives weather patterns. This stability is thermal in origin, with a negative lapse rate of approximately 0. The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere. None smaller than 6-foot-1 Gary Payton II, who. The NCEP GDAS and CPC temperature and height analyses are used to monitor processes in the Stratosphere and Troposphere. Unlike the mesosphere, the gases in this layer readily absorb incoming high-energy ultraviolet and x-ray radiation from the sun. This upwelling followed by downwelling and horizontal transport in the. The top of the stratosphere occurs at 50 km (31 miles) altitude. The stratosphere is the second layer of Earth's atmosphere. The thermosphere absorbs solar radiation and helps to regulate the Earth's temperature. Abstract. This article is devoted to the most topical trends in stratosphere-troposphere interaction and its influence on the climate of our planet. Stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) is important for the chemical composition of both the stratosphere and troposphere. Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center. The stratosphere is the layer that contains the ozone layer and where many important interactions take place. The coldest temperatures in Earth's atmosphere, about -90° C (-130° F), are found near. The density of air is computed based on the mass of air molecules, divided by the volume of air. The air temperature at the tropopause is about minus 80 0C over the equator and about minus 45oC over the poles. The infamous ozone layer is found within the stratosphere. They found plume lifetimes in the stratosphere ranging from 4. This layer has the air we breathe and the clouds in the sky. Solomon, R. Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange. Assuming that transfer of 90Sr from the troposphere to thestratosphere is negligible (we will verify this assumption later),show that the residence time of air in the stratosphere is tS =1/kST = 1. Dynamics of the troposphere and stratosphere are fundamentally inseparable. Mcintyre 2 Anne R. How to use stratosphere in a sentence. The troposphere is where clouds form and weather takes place, but conditions in the stratosphere can influence the weather below. – This is the second layer of the atmosphere from the surface of the earth, and lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere. The nacreous cloud (mother-of-pearl) also occurs in the stratosphere. The stratosphere exists just above the troposphere and is extended up to the height of 50 km. Temperature increases with height. With height, the stratosphere's air becomes warmer. stratosphere (n. Water. The second-lowest layer of the atmosphere is the stratosphere. The stratosphere is very dry, so clouds rarely form here. But new designs could usher in a golden age of stratospheric flight. Take a ride to the top of the Tower, at 1,149-foot tall, it is the tallest freestanding observation tower in the United States, where you will get a chance at all the heart-pounding, adrenaline-pumping thrill rides Vegas has to offer. Edit. io is my go-to platform when I need granular information to analyse a company. Abstract. The stratosphere is above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow, meandering air currents in the atmospheres of the Earth, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The “downward impact” of the stratospheric variability provides a long lead information (0-60 days) to Arctic oscillation and the associated. Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere; Exosphere; The mesosphere is the layer, 35 kilometers thick, of the atmosphere where most of the meteors that enter earth's atmosphere burn up. 1. , 2003; Baldwin & Dunkerton, 2001; Charlton et al. NOAA/ National Weather Service. The stratosphere can affect the troposphere and surface through various chemical, radiative, and dynamical processes. 1 * exp(1. The stratosphere can have a significant impact on winter surface weather on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales. Troposphere Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere. 25°C per 100 meters in tropical regions—that is, roughly one-fourth the magnitude of the positive lapse rate of the troposphere. A core project of the World Climate Research Programme, SPARC coordinates international efforts to bring knowledge of the atmosphere to bear on issues regarding climate variability and prediction. It is considered to be the key to study atmospheric temperature vertical profiles, ozone and. The cross-tropopause mass flux (CTMF) and long-term trends in stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings were analyzed using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data. Although variations in altitude exist,. These layers also contain trace amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ozone. Quick and easy access to KPIs. J. Solar energy is converted to kinetic energy when ozone. ) stratosphere. The troposphere is. The stratosphere is bounded by the tropopause and stratopause. ER-2 airplanes are the highest flying airplanes in the world. The boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere above. The North China Plain (NCP) is a major region of summer O 3 pollution in China. The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground. . Therefore, tropospheric weather and climate system is coupled with the stratospheric thermal structure, dynamics, and the evolution of the ozone layer. The temperature drops with height. The layer made of layers. In the table below are zonal mean time series of Temperature, Zonal Wind Component,. It is the second layer of the atmospheric envelope. Stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed method of solar geoengineering (or solar radiation modification) to reduce global warming. There are 4 primary layers of the atmosphere on Earth. Stratosphere: 14 to 64 km (9 to about 31 miles) Unlike the troposphere, temperatures in this layer increase with elevation. These advances are now allowing for new and improved. 1 pt. Edit. We’ve reimagined your experience from top to bottom, offering renovated hotel rooms, refreshed casino floor, all-new dining options, award-winning entertainment, and an exhilarating Tower experience. It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward. Earth’s atmosphere is divided into 5 different layers. 1. The atmosphere can be divided into layers based on its temperature, as shown in the figure below. The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1034 gm per square centimeter. One important feature of theBalloon-borne radiosondes. The stratosphere is very dry, so clouds rarely form here. The role of sunlight in ozone depletion is the reason why the Antarctic ozone depletion is greatest during spring. Approximately 90 percent of the atmosphere’s ozone occurs in the stratosphere, the region extending from 10–18 km (6–11 miles) to approximately 50 km. The lower altitude of the stratosphere changes seasonally and varies between 8 and 16 kilometers (5 and 10 miles). Mesosphere. Ozone layer depletion increases the amount of UVB that reaches the Earth’s surface. The upper stratosphere bears the distinction of being the most stable region of significant mass in the Earth's atmosphere. Stratospheric ozone intrusion plays an important role in affecting the tropospheric ozone concentrations in the troposphere through stratosphere to troposphere transport (STT). The gross CTMF (the sum of upward and downward mass flux) shows. 1. (2) Stratosphere- This layer extends from the height of about 10 to 50 km above the ground surface. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) is an important term. Finding myself on Stratosphere. The stratosphere is above the troposphere and contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and filters out a significant portion of the sun's. In a paper, published by Nature Communications, they. The STRATosphere is best known for offering the finest selection of genuine Fender guitar parts in the world. The troposphere is the atmosphere's lowest level. The possible coupling between troposphere and stratosphere opens up a new opportunity for using stratospheric variability as a dynamical tool and a component of empirical models for weather forecasts. Weather refers to day-to-day temperature, precipitation, and other. “Thermo” means heat, and the temperature in this layer can reach up to 4,500 degrees Fahrenheit. The over-world is the region above the (approximately) 380 K isentropic surface andlies entirely inthe stratosphere. Temperatures remain fairly steady in the lowest part of the. The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters. 14, 2023. The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere (above the troposphere. The stratosphere is above the troposphere and contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and filters out a significant portion of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE James R. In this layer, the temperature normally rises as you go further up, and it has something to do with the ozone layer inside the stratosphere. The Troposphere. Stratosphere is the non- convective zone of atmosphere. Introduction. However, the overall mechanistic. 1 pt. The stratosphere reaches from the tropopause to a height of about 50 km. The density of the atmosphere decreases outward, because the planet’s gravitational attraction, which pulls the gases and aerosols inward, is greatest close to the surface. The meaning of STRATOSPHERE is the part of the earth's atmosphere which extends from the top of the troposphere to about 30 miles (50 kilometers) above the surface and in which temperature increases gradually to about 32°F (0°C) and clouds rarely form. Just like the troposphere, its depth varies with latitude. The mesosphere ( / ˈmɛsəˌsfɪər, ˈmɛz -, ˈmiːsə -, - zə -/; [1] from Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos) 'middle', and - sphere) is the third layer of the atmosphere, directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere. This wave phase shift indicates. The mesosphere is the coldest region of Earth’s atmosphere, close to -100°C. LINIGER, PETRA SEIBERT, ANPRENGED MICHAER L S Consideration of the time scales and vertical extent of stratosphere-troposphere e exchang events reveals new insight into. The dashed green line represents the time average tropopause. The stratosphere is a layer of the atmosphere that surrounds the Earth. C) Most ozone is located in the stratosphere D) The stratosphere is stratified with the densest, coldest air at the bottom. Stohl et al. 37. The thermosphere lies between the exosphere and the mesosphere. The stratosphere is the layer of the Earth 's atmosphere between the troposphere and the mesosphere. Most of the members were interested in blimps, balloons, and other means of air travel, but Assmann was interested in using these technologies to study the atmosphere. The middle layer. Changes in the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) can remarkably impact tropospheric circulation. The mesosphere has little impact on weather patterns, pollution transport, and. Night Ranger has earned widespread recognition that includes both multi-platinum and gold album status all while leaving their indelible mark. troposphere:- The troposphere contains particles of dust which serve as nuclear centers for the formation of clouds. 1 percent other gases. The intervening region has characteristics intermediate between the troposphere and stratosphere, and is termed the tropical transition layer (TTL). The troposphere and the stratosphere are separated by a boundary called the tropopause, whose altitude varies from about 16 km in the tropics to about 8 km near the poles. g. The new research shows that from 1986 to 2022, the human-produced greenhouse gases that caused warming of the Earth’s surface and the troposphere also led to a mean cooling of about 1. The stratosphere includes the zone commonly called the ‘ozone layer’. Because no weather occurs in the stratosphere,. Much of the chemistry for stratospheric ozone depletion, for example, is induced by anthropogenic. stratosphere, layer of Earth’s atmosphere lying between the troposphere and the mesosphere. Up in the stratosphere, these waves disrupt the winds and can be strong enough to destroy the polar vortex at a height of around 30 km with typical wind speeds of over 200 km/h. The stratosphere has gotten a. Above the top of the troposphere and further up into the sky, the layer known as the stratosphere is placed. 2. Troposphere is the zone of convection current. The two layers are quite separate. Temperatures in the stratosphere increase with altitude. This coupling between the troposphere and stratosphere, often referred to as the “downward impact” of stratospheric variability, provides long lead information for leading modes of tropospheric variability such as the Arctic Oscillation, and their associated extreme weather. The air is densest in this lowest layer. Ideally, such an index would (1) represent. 9 percent argon, and 0. The stratosphere is located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. In summertime, eastern China experiences severe ozone pollution. [30] Meanwhile, the stratosphere is dominantly driven by the thermally direct absorption of solar UV radiation and subsequent collisional energy exchange with the molecular atmosphere (i. C2-Atmosphere UPSC IAS-Troposphere,stratosphere,ozone,ionosphere,etc. • synthesize current view of stratosphere-troposphere coupling (review like) • show case new metrics (new research) • will depend in part on participation - potential for a very broad assessment, given the current level of interest • as lead authors, Yulia and I will coordinate analysis do our best to put them in a coherent storylineThe stratosphere stretches between 15 and 50 kilometers up from the Earth's surface. Japan Meteorological Agency. Multiple Choice. stratosphere, where isentropic surfaces cross the tropopause, the pink region is the free troposphere, and. 3. The stratosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. Simple, clear and accessible. What is the Stratopause. The thermosphere rises several hundred miles above the Earth's surface, from 56 miles (90 km) up to between 311 and 621 miles (500–1,000 km). the upper stratosphere to several years in the lower stratosphere, reflecting the abundance of O atoms (Figure 10-4, problem 10. Winds are steady and free of turbulence, and some birds can fly at stratosphere altitude. However, the overall mechanistic. SPARC is renowned for its role in assessing the value of long-term climate data records. Abstract. The other four layers include the troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The stratosphere lies 10-50 km above the Earth's surface, but can nonetheless have significant influence at ground level. The stratosphere is the layer in the atmosphere above the troposphere. It’s characterized by a highly stable temperature gradient that cools from top to bottom. Looming in the stratosphere higher than Everest, these billowing clouds of smoke, moisture and gas appear only above the. The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground. The atmosphere is divided into five different layers, based on temperature. Introduction. Trace amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and neon are some of the other gases that make up the remaining 0. 2. The stratosphere is highly stable because the air temperature increases with height up to the stratopause, which is the height of the temperature inversion. Douglass 3 and Richard B. The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high. The stratosphere is extremely dry. 3. The mesosphere is right above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere layer. Laboratory and epidemiological studies demonstrate that UVB causes non-melanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma development. For this reason, there is not a lot of turbulence in the stratosphere. At 1,149 feet tall, it's the tallest freestanding observation tower in the United States and a must-visit destination for anyone visiting Las Vegas. Editorial Team The orange layer is. Weak wave events show a wave structure of westward tilt with increasing altitudes, while strong wave events feature a shift from westward tilt to eastward tilt during their life cycle. Special attention is given to the. Climate - Stratospheric, Mesospheric, Winds: The winds in the stratosphere and mesosphere are usually estimated from temperature data collected by satellites. There, wave-induced forces drive a kind of global. Temperature in the lower stratosphere is isothermal but. It extends from about 50 to 85 km (31 to 53 miles) above our planet. Most of the mass (about 75-80%) of the atmosphere is in the troposphere. The mesosphere lies between the thermosphere and the stratosphere. We also carry many other top brands including Gibson, Gretsch, Bigsby, Seymour Duncan and much more. Life would not have been sustainable on earth without the ozone layer located in the stratosphere. In the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) near the Earth’s surface, ozone is created by chemical reactions between air. Temperature is very much affected by the sun here; it can be 360 degrees Fahrenheit. The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere (above the troposphere and stratosphere. In both cases, anomalies in the strength of the SH. The stratosphere, the next higher layer, extends about 6 to 31 miles (or 10 to 50 kilometers) above the Earth's surface. The mesosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. It has not been widely applied to seasonal predictability in other seasons. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which helps absorb dangerous ultraviolet rays. Japan Meteorological Agency. It is also the second-tallest observation tower in the Western Hemisphere, surpassed only by the CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario. However, the pressure decreases to one millibar, i. The winds at these high levels are assumed to be geostrophic. These gases are found in atmospheric layers (troposphere, stratosphere,. Air masses form over large surfaces with uniform. Introduction [2] The transport of mass and chemical constituents from the stratosphere to the troposphere is an important element of many atmospheric chemistry and climate studies. Climate Prediction Center. Prominent underlying processes are the Brewer. 3. In the past, studies of stratosphere-tropo- sphere exchange of mass and chemical species have mainly emphasized the synoptic- and small-scale mechanisms of exchange. So to maintain energy balance the stratosphere must be losing energy via long wavelength radiation which means long wavelength emitters like CO2 must be radiating more than they are absorbing. Jets fly in the lower stratosphere to avoid turbulence in the troposphere. B) Most ultraviolet light is absorbed by the stratosphere. The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth’s atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere. stratosphere. There are 3 steps to solve this one. Only a small amount of ozone accumulates in the troposphere because other UV photons break down ozone molecules, turning them back into oxygen. NOTE: The images for AMJ, JAS, and OND. This approach places stratosphere-troposphere exchange in the framework of the general circulation and helps to clarify the roles of the different mechanisms involved and the interplay between large and small scales. A high concentration of ozone, a molecule composed of three atoms of oxygen, makes up the ozone layer of the . troposphere; infrared radiation from the ground heats this layer more than any other layer B. Here, we systematically analyze the importance of interactive chemistry with respect to the representation of stratosphere–troposphere coupling and in particular the effects on NH surface climate during the recent past. ) 2. This pressure is called atmospheric pressure. The air is still thin, so you wouldn’t be able to breathe. Temperature decreases with height. STE is separated into three. College Park, Maryland 20740. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere in direct contact with the Earth's surface (Fig. 2015); the stratospheric concentrations of radiatively active gases such as ozone and water. A new study conducted by Chinese researchers directly revealed the phenomenon through in-situ. The troposphere, being the lowest layer of the atmosphere, is where most of our weather occurs. 1° E). They are separated by the tropopause, which,. The troposphere starts at Earth's surface and goes up to a height of 7 to 20 km (4 to 12 miles, or 23,000 to 65,000 feet) above sea level. Abstract. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer (O3). Stratosphere. This layer is known as the upper atmosphere. The main reason airplanes fly in the stratosphere is because this is where the least amount of turbulence is found. Large-scale circulation in the troposphere is primarily driven by the differential absorption of. There are 5280 feet in a mile so this is about 6 miles (about is usually close enough in this class). the troposphere. Abstract Two distinct dynamical processes near the dynamical tropopause (2-PVU surface) and their relation are discussed in this study: stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) and the formation of distinct potential vorticity (PV) structures in the form of stratospheric and tropospheric streamers and cutoffs on isentropic surfaces. Temperature in the lower stratosphere is isothermal and averages around -60°C, but increases markedly in the upper part, to reach a maximum of about 0°C at the stratopause. The stratosphere extends from about 20km to 60km above the Earth’s surface. A new dynamical metric of troposphere-stratosphere coupling is established based on extreme stratospheric planetary-scale wave heat flux events, defined as the 10th and 90th percentiles of the daily high-latitude averaged heat flux distribution at 50 hPa using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA)-Interim. Based on the diagnosis of reanalysis data, this study finds that the location shift rather than the strength change dominates the intraseasonal variability of SPV. Abstract Two distinct dynamical processes near the dynamical tropopause (2-PVU surface) and their relation are discussed in this study: stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) and the formation of distinct potential vorticity (PV) structures in the form of stratospheric and tropospheric streamers and cutoffs on isentropic surfaces. Evolution of the coupling in future. Most of the weather phenomena, systems, convection, turbulence, and clouds occur in this layer, although some may extend into the lower portion of the stratosphere, immediately above the troposphere. At a workshop in. The air in the exosphere is extremely thin - in many ways it is almost the same as the airless void of outer space. Using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model 6, changes in the air mass and ozone STEs in the Last. It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward. Exosphere. Ozone in the UTLS radiatively heats this. On all planets with an atmosphere, but especially the Earth (our usual point of reference), the stratopause is the boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere. Yet, the stratosphere (at altitudes of 10 to 50 km) contains Earth's protective ozone layer, which affects the energy balance of. This study evaluates the ability of current operational S2S prediction systems to capture two important links between the stratosphere and troposphere: (1) changes in probabilistic prediction skill in the. Water vapor in the stratosphere originates from the troposphere by transport of water vapor itself and of methane and hydrogen, which degrade to make water (). 1 Introduction. The stratosphere is the layer of the Earth’s atmosphere located above the troposphere, extending from about 10 to 50 kilometers above the surface. Because of the lower stratosphere's generally calmer air than the troposphere, commercial passenger aircraft will travel there. This means we need high ozone. “Exo” means outside and is the same prefix used to describe insects like grasshoppers that have a hard shell or “exoskeleton” on the outside of their body. any great height or degree, as the highest point of a graded scale. 1. The troposphere is the lowermost level of the atmosphere. Understanding the dynamic coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere and the exchange of water vapor, momentum, energy, and trace gases between these two layers have much significance in climate studies (Dessler et al. From the top of the troposphere to about 50 kilometres (31 miles) above the ground, the. Ozone is produced naturally in the stratosphere when highly energetic solar radiation breaks down molecules of oxygen - O2 - and cause the two oxygen atoms to split apart in a process called photolysis. La stratosphère est la couche de l'atmosphère terrestre située entre la troposphère et la mésosphère. 1527 Accesses. The stratosphere contains most of the ozone of our atmosphere; it is concentrated between 65,000 and 100,000 feet. 2) Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable. The mesosphere is above the stratosphere layer. The stratosphere is the second layer, as one moves upward from Earth's surface, of the atmosphere. 0 scenario. Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. 7) yields as. Weather occurs in this layer. it is in direct contact with high energy solar radiation. Stratospheric ozone intrusion plays an important role in affecting the tropospheric ozone concentrations in the troposphere through stratosphere to troposphere transport (STT). At the top, the temperature is around 32°F – almost 100 degrees higher than the bottom. Our results indicate that there is large case-to. La tropopause et la stratopause séparent respectivement les couches, les deux zones de transition entre couches. The diagnostic is a multivariate EOF combining lower-stratospheric planetary wave. This also means there aren’t. Phone: 1-866-983-4279. 1. The air temperature in the stratosphere. 2 m) observation tower,. In fact, the troposphere contains three-quarters of the mass of the entire atmosphere. Nov. In contrast, global-mean stratospheric temperature changes caused by natural. The exosphere ( Ancient Greek: ἔξω éxō "outside, external, beyond. Holton • Peter H. These layers are named in sequence as -1) Troposphere 2) Stratosphere 3)Mesosphere 4) Ionosphere & 5) Exosphere. stratosphereparts. Dynamical aspects of stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Temperature decreases with height. , 2002). Stratosphere. The atmosphere consists of thin layers of gases. これが現在のstratosphere 成層圏という名前の由来である。 語源となったラテン語の stratusは、英語で 'a spreading out'（広がり）の意である。 その後、高層 気象観測 の技術も発達し成層圏の本格的な研究により、実際は成層圏でも上下の混合が起こっており. air pressure. SPARC themes and activities address areas of societal concern such as. This layer rises from 11 to 50 km above the Earth’s surface. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which extends to about 31 miles (50 km) above the Earth's surface. The middle layer. It starts at the tropopause at an average of 10 km above Earth’s surface and goes up to about 50 km above the surface. It’s a very active part of the atmosphere, and it grows and shrinks depending on the energy it absorbs from the sun. 1209. The stratosphere is located below the mesosphere and above the troposphere. This region of the atmosphere is called the stratosphere. Focusing on a typical event on 9–12 May 2015, when STT occurs over the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China, the observations. One of the key questions in the air quality and climate sciences is how tropospheric ozone concentrations will change in the future. Waves in the Troposphere and Stratosphere. From ozone and water vapor observations, a first basic idea of a stratospheric. There are no storms or turbulence here to mix up the air, so cold, heavy air is at the bottom and warm, light air is at the top. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, it blasted 20 million tons of SO 2 into the stratosphere, creating an “aerosol parasol” that cooled the planet by about 0.